Nonoptimal Temperature and Cardiovascular Health

Published: March 26, 2026

Figure 2: Epidemiology of temperature-related cardiovascular health effects and factors affecting vulnerability
  • Both heat and cold exposure increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, including myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure decompensation, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Climate change is intensifying these extreme temperature events, amplifying global cardiovascular risk.
  • Mitigating temperature-related cardiovascular harm requires coordinated action across clinical care, public health, health systems, urban planning, and policy, alongside research to address knowledge gaps.
  • Equitable interventions, such as access to cooling and warming centers, climate-resilient housing, and targeted risk communication, are essential to reducing temperature-related cardiovascular disparities.