Observational Comparative Research in Cardiovascular and Brain Health and Disease

Updated: May 20, 2026

Illustrated example of causal directed acyclic graph
  • Resources for observational comparative research have rapidly expanded to include large, granular healthcare datasets and advanced analytical methods.
  • Observational comparative research is a component of research that fills a distinct role different than interventional studies when evaluating drugs, surgical procedures, medical devices, and health policies.
  • This scientific statement provides an overview of best practices and analytic considerations in observational comparative studies from the perspective of investigators, sponsors, publishers, and consumers of observational research and is applicable to all areas of cardiovascular, stroke and brain health research.